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Chapter 2: Designing Your Site


The Art of Scintography
Edition 3.0 © 2008 Aurora Isaac
www.scintography.com
    2.1   The Design Process
      Design is the mystical process of creation. We assimilate an endless stream of parameters, observations, and personal preferences, letting them percolate through our intuition. Eventually, out of this process comes -- a design.
      The best way to start designing your site is to browse. Analyze the sites you visit. Decide what you do like and what you don't like. Make notes and keep track of these sites so you can revisit if you need to. Determine the purpose of your site and decide on a visual theme. Add these to your notes. Plan a site structure and page layout that will accomplish your purpose.
      If you intend to work with a Web Designer, you should consult with them as early as possible. You may want to check with several designers before selecting the one that works best for you. The services provided by web designers vary widely. Some are streamlined to minimize cost, offering little flexibility in the design process. Others offer an array of services, allowing you to select only what you need.
      Once you have selected a designer, you become a team. Together, you will create your website. With more than one person on the team, a good design is essential. If you are doing your own implementation, your site will benefit from a clear design, even if you develop your design as you develop your site.
    2.2   Checklist Step 4: Collect Your Site Content
 
Checklist
      The most important part of the design process is collecting the items that will eventually become your site content. This primarily inlcudes text and image content. Don't expect to use everything you collect. Part of the design process is paring your initial impulses down to the pure essentials that most effectively convey your message. For each item of content you collect, you should ask the following questions:

Who created this content?
If you create your own content, this is not an issue. If you are obtaining content from the Internet, even from this site, you should be wary. Make sure your security software scans all files you download. The last thing you want to do is propogate a virus. If you are collecting text from the Internet, make sure you verify its validity.
Who owns this content?
The Internet will not survive if we cannot respect each other online as we do offline. If someone else owns your content, you must obtain permission to use it. If you contract with a designer or content provider, make your agreement clear. You should know whether you are buying the content or the rights to use the content.
Do I have permission to use this content?
Keep records of any permissions you obtain for your content. If you don't have permission, don't use it. It's always a good idea to give attribution to your sources, especially for items given freely.

    2.3   Establish a Purpose
      What will your site do for you? The web is still young, and most of us are still trying to figure this out. Here are some functions others have found for their sites.

Provide information
      This is the most common use of the web. If this is your purpose, your greatest challenge will be to figure out how to display your information most effectively. Use the same basic rules you would use for a brochure or manual, but keep in mind the power that links and dynamic interaction can add to your presentation.

Collect information
      This process goes one step beyond simply providing information. The easiest way to collect information is with email. Forms provide a way of collecting complex viewer information that can be processed by server scripts. Reckless use of personal information has made viewers wary. If you want your viewers to use this method of sending you information, make it friendly and secure.

Advertise your product
      This is similar to providing information. The difference is that viewers are often searching for information, but not for advertising. Find another purpose for your site, e.g. providing useful information, then put your advertising there also.

Sell your product
      Web commerce is in a state of rapid growth, and methods for selling on the web are being rapidly developed. Service providers have a variety of solutions that may be helpful. Most of your effort will be put into what goes on behind your pages. If you want to sell, advertise your site, provide accurate and complete information on your product, and make your transactions friendly and secure.

Just be
      Why not! The web is the most accessible art gallery in the world! Be creative and find new ways of expressing yourself in this marvelous, challenging medium.

    2.4   Identify Your Audience
      Several design issues depend on your viewing audience. If you are publishing information about a conference for web developers, you can probably assume they have state of the art viewing systems available. If you are publishing information about a conference for Sci Fi fans, some of your viewers may have systems several years old. Keep your audience in mind as you design your site.
      Take advantage of the demographic data available on the Internet to help you plan your site. As you consider the following questions, keep in mind that the answers are constantly changing as the Internet develops. This is a dynamic medium.

What browsers are they using?
      If you are writing for an audience using exclusively one browser, you may want to take advantage of some HTML features available only in that browser. If you are writing for a general audience, be sure to test your pages in the most popular browsers if possible. You may be surprised at the difference you see from one browser to another. To reach the widest possible audience, be sure to provide alternate viewing paths.

What platforms are they using?
      Variations in operating systems and internet connections can affect page viewing. One computer may load a site in a moment, while another may take unbearably long. If you are developing on a newer, faster computer, don't forget those folks with older machines. If they have to wait too long, they may choose to forget you before they've seen your page. In particular, it is helpful to format your graphics for greatest efficiency.

What size screen do they have?
      Screens that view web pages vary from small, hand-held screens to mega, wall-sized screens. Most pages will be viewed on typical desktop-sized screens. Even these vary in size and shape. A page that looks perfect on one size screen may be misaligned, or look confusing on another. Some page layouts work well resized, others don't. Keep in mind the variety of screen sizes as you design your pages.

Will they come back again?
      If you expect repeat traffic, have options for both first time and repeat viewers on your home page. Once viewers know what they're looking for, they'll want to get there quickly.

    2.5   Establish a Visual Theme
      A visual theme will give your site an identity. Just as each page in a book has some features in common with the other pages that help set the mood for the reader, your site will take on a character of its own based on your visual presentation. Your choice of colors and images, and the way you arrange them on the page may be the critical element that causes a viewer to move on to another site, or stay and explore your site. Color is the first thing your viewer will be aware of. Relate your basic color scheme to the purpose of your site. Do you like dark colors? Pastels? Neon? Do you want your site to appear businesslike, casual, eclectic?
      Identity is especially important if your page is bookmarked or printed for later reference. Use your background images to give your pages a common appearance. Select an identifying icon image to put on each page so your viewer will know that this page belongs to your site. Use the same navigation scheme for all your pages. A row of familiar icons or a familiar menu panel will help your viewers quickly identify where they are within your site structure.
    2.6   Plan Your Site Structure
      Site structure refers to the way your pages will be linked together. If you have a small site with just a few pages, this is probably not a significant issue. If you have a large site, your viewers will need to be able to find what they want easily and get there quickly. Any bookmarkable page should have site identification and a link to a central page, such as your home page, or a table of contents. Any printable content should include source and copyright information. It's important to rememeber that first time viewers may not be starting with your home page. Make sure your viewers can get where they want to be from any page in your site.
    2.7   Plan Your Page Layout
      The way you lay out your pages will depend on their content and purpose. There are many ways to present information in a web page. Most pages fit one of these styles.
      The Letterhead style arranges page elements top to bottom. Because HTML also arranges elements top to bottom, this style requires the least amount of formatting and is best for simple text presentations. This style is often used within frames, with a navigational index frame at the top or side of the page.
      The Newsletter style arranges text in blocks, like a newsletter, with the main text in the center, and menus and highlights in the left and right margins. Use this style to format one page for multiple screen sizes, making sure each block fits on the smallest standard screen.
      The Textbook style is used for large text documents. Break your text down into separate page "chapters" that don't take so long to load, and can be printed in a few pages each. Each page should be clearly identified and linked to an index page, table of contents, or home page.
      The Collage style, sometimes called a Front Door or Welcome Mat, is an array of images and brief text. This style is generally a navigational doorway to your site, and may also be used to target the rest of your pages to the whole screen, or determine what the client parameters are and format other site pages accordingly.
    2.8   Checklist Step 5: Envision Your Site
 
Checklist
      This is probably the most important step in designing your site. As you consider what seems to be an endless stream of design options, your inner designer is hard at work. At some point you will begin to see your site. If you find it difficult to visualize the appearance, concentrate on the process of visiting your site. Imagine what it will be like when your site is done. Sit down at your computer and type in your URL. What will you see? What will you do?

5a:Who is your target audience?
Put yourself in the place of your viewers. What are they looking for? Will they find it on your site? Design your site to answer this question quickly.
5b:What is your most important message?
What is the first thing your new visitors should know when they come to your site? If you are a typical viewer, you know how important this is. If your viewers can't tell quickly what your site is about, they will likely move on.
5c:What constitutes your site identity?
Your viewers will want to know who you are. Things that typically make up a site identity are your name or company name, an icon or logo, a copyright notice, a color scheme, and background or accessory images. Where do you see these on your envisioned page?
5d:How will you get around your site?
You are already familiar with the navigational schemes used on the Internet. How will your navigational buttons look? Where will they be on the page? Will your viewers find what they want easily?

When you can envision your site, write down as much of your design as you can. This will be especially important if you will be working with a designer. Try to answer as many questions as you can. If you plan to implement your own site, and already know some HTML, try out some basic page layouts. Design is a recursive process. You will probably need to see several versions before your are satisfied with the result.

    2.9   References
1 Browser News (demographics)
http://www.upsdell.com/BrowserNews/stat.htm

2 TheCounter.com (demographics)
http://www.thecounter.com/stats/

3 Creating Killer Web Sites
http://www.killersites.com

4 ClickZ Stats
http://www.clickz.com/showPage.html?page=stats

5 W3Schools
http://www.w3schools.com/default.asp

6 : Browser Statistics
http://www.w3schools.com/browsers/browsers_stats.asp

7 WebReference.com
http://webreference.com/internet/statistics.html

8 YALE Web Style Guide
http://www.webstyleguide.com/

All Contents © 2008 Aurora Isaac. All Rights Reserved. Legal Notices.
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